Haw Berries & Kumquats

Lemons in Beijing

Perhaps he’d never seen a girl with so many lemons. Perhaps he was just a really nice man. Whatever the reason, not only did he stop his car to let me bike past, on busy Andingmen Bridge over Second Ring Road, but he also gave a little “go ahead” wave. I couldn’t repress a huge smile; he smiled back. I biked off, my bag bursting with lemons.

Lemons: if I could find you every day, would every day in Beijing be like this?

Meyer lemons

To backtrack, I had been looking for China-grown Meyer lemons everywhere, ever since I found out that they originated from China. If they’re from China, why are they called Meyer lemons? It turns out that one Frank Meyer, plant explorer, brought them from Beijing to the US Department of Agriculture in 1908. If they had Meyer lemons in 1908, then why not in 2010?

Meyer lemons are the result of a cross between lemons and mandarin oranges. Hence, they are rounder, more orange in hue, and less acidic. But while I saw imported lemons (your typical pointy yellow specimens) at most larger fruit stalls and markets, the local Meyer was nowhere to be found. Most Chinese people don’t eat lemons as part of their daily diet, and so no one was clamoring for the cheap, locally grown fruit.

Then one day I found them right in my neighborhood – and upon reflection, their location does not seem entirely fortuitous. Just inside of Andingmen, there’s an apartment complex home to quite a few expats. Next to the apartments, on Jianchang Hutong (箭厂胡同), there’s a French xiaomaibu (convenience store), and just a little further north is my fruit vendor. In fact, there’s two fruit stores; don’t go to the northernmost one; go to the one nearest to Boucherie Francais. The fruit shop [map] is just at at Jianchang Hutong’s intersection with Yongkang Hutong (永康胡同), which runs east from Andingmennei Dajie. For those of you who like landmarks, it’s across from a public bathroom.

It looks like any old fruit store but they have lemons, Meyer lemons, I tell you, three for RMB 5. What a deal! I thought, and promptly bought 13. The owner was flabbergasted but delighted: Do you own a restaurant? In any case I may have been a bit excessive. But don’t worry; there’s still plenty left. She told me they’ll have lemons and limes (for the same price) for the next few months. Ask for guochan ningmeng (国产柠檬), or China-produced lemons.

Each of my 13 lemons have already been allotted jobs and destinies – they’re ahead of me already! Some will become lemon tarts, and others lemon-pistachio cakes, and the rest will make friends with the kumquats in a citrus jam. Even the thirteenth, who never made it home, found his calling prematurely.

He tangled into the brakes and spokes of my bike wheel. A quick twist, a shuddering halt, and the little lemon was pulverized – in mere seconds I had a bag full of juice. This leads me to realize that my bike, despite being creaky and slow, has unexplored potential as an ultra-efficient juicing machine.

A mint salad, and then some 宝琴傣味

mint saladHave you ever had a mint salad? If not, then I suggest you seek one out right away. I know, early spring hardly seems like the time for fresh mint, but these little Yunnan salads are so good that I can’t help but want them year-round.

They’re the essence of refreshment, and if ever I live in a city where Yunnan restaurants are few but mint leaves are many, I would make them myself. It’s so unbearably simple: freshly plucked mint leaves, plus a magical little dipping sauce of vinegar, lime/lemon, red chile peppers and some other ground-up spices – actually, I’m quite sure the magic is in the dip. Think tropical – pungent, spicy, tangy flavors to match the lush region of southern Yunnan from which this dish hails.

Unfortunately, mint leaves are expensive in Beijing, hardly to be found outside of high-end groceries. On the bright side, Yunnan restaurants aren’t so rare, and make this dish (liangban bohe 凉拌薄荷) for the easy price of RMB 16-18.

One of my favorite Yunnan places is Bao Qin Dai Wei (宝琴傣味), a little restaurant by the Minzu Daxue (Central University of the Nationalities), run by a Dai minority family, with Dai chefs and Dai waitstaff. Very nearly as good is its neighbor, two doors down, Golden Peacock (Jin Kongque 金孔雀), operated by another Dai family. Some people say Bao Qin makes this dish better, but Golden Peacock is better at some other thing. Are the two families bitter rivals? Will there be a lovestruck romance between the clans that can only be resolved by a cook-off to the death? Perhaps a taste test is in order…

Related to the Thai, the Dai people live in the Xishuangbanna region of Yunnan province, on the border with Myanmar and Laos. Their food owes more to Southeast Asia than China: lemongrass, papaya, limes, bananas, and pineapples all make frequent appearances, mellowing the more assertive spicy and sour flavors in Dai cookery.

fried potato balls

Just because of their longer hours, I seem to end up at Golden Peacock more often, at least for lunch: Bao Qin’s staff are religiously punctual about 3pm nap time. It’s hard to motivate myself for the long trek up, but fresh, hot, deep-fried potato balls (tudou qiu 土豆球) make a compelling argument. Golden and crunchy on the outside, each little sphere gives way to a creamy, mashed potato-like interior. They’re addictive plain, or with the accompanying spicy, sour sauce. The dipping method (zhanshui 蘸水, literally “dip water”) is quite popular in Yunnan: anything, from blanched leafy greens to country chickens, can be cooked lightly and then served with a complex sauce.

Perhaps to differentiate itself from its neighbor, Golden Peacock has recently introduced an expanded (and more expensive) menu. The new dishes we tried didn’t really impress: trendy little packets of this and that, finger-food rolls of vegetables, fussy iced beverages – please, just give us hearty, country food, heaping stir-fries of peppers and bacon and bamboo. However, we did find one thing to our liking, a dry-fried sour bamboo (ganchao suansun 干炒酸笋). Fermented to prevent spoilage in the steamy tropical weather, this bamboo is almost aggressively sour. It can be toned down with sweeter vegetables like tomatoes and greens, or, as here, it can be dialed up to a fragrant, powerful dish, spicy and dry with not a splash of sauce to cool you down.

dry-fried sour bamboo

After that, you might certainly want some of their sweet, light rice wine (mijiu 米酒), or glutinous rice steamed with chunks of pineapple, served in a whole pineapple (boluo fan 菠萝饭). My love of glutinous rice almost never lets me leave without a little something, and so that day it was sticky rice steamed in hollowed-out bamboo. Supposedly they only make 12 of these a day, in sweet and savory versions. When it arrives, you peel back the bamboo yourself, revealing pearly rice imbued with the pure aroma of bamboo, and in the sweet variety, delicate azuki beans.

eating bamboo rice

Bao Qin Dai Wei [map]
16 Minzu Daxue Beilu, Weigongcun
Haidian District
Tel: (010) 6848 3189
宝琴傣味
海淀区魏公村民族大学北路16号
Golden Peacock [map]
(Same street address, but further west)
Tel: (010) 6893 2030
金孔雀德宏傣家风味餐厅

Patara: Sophisticated Thai, from Bangkok via London

appetizersGood Thai restaurants are few and far between in Beijing, which I suppose is only fair, given how far we are from limes and mangoes and galangal. Most Thai restaurants here are operated by Chinese staff and serve what they bill as “Thai flavor” food.

So what a surprise when Patara comes along, with not only chefs transplanted from Thailand (how they must feel the gray, cold weather!) but also special ingredients like galangal and lemongrass as well as some of the decor elements (lacquered baskets for holding rice). This speaks promisingly of Patara’s commitment toward authenticity and quality – after all, though it may be an international chain, with branches in London, Singapore, and Taipei, it started as a humble little restaurant in Bangkok, opened by the eponymous founder, Ms. Patara.

A glance at the glossy menus told us that this was modern, sophisticated Thai food, with innovative dishes like DIY Thai tacos, seared tuna with lemongrass, and curry crab. Desserts like poached pears hint at Patara’s journey around the world. But the high prices – upwards of RMB 70 per dish – kept us strictly to the set lunch. Which is alright with me, as I like sets: a little of everything! tea! dessert!

Thai milk tea

We started with a Thai tea with condensed milk and a small, artfully arranged platter of appetizers, including satay skewers, soup of the day (today: some kind of gourd and meatballs), and fried crispy vermicelli. I really enjoyed this last – lightly sweet and sour, with a satisfying crunch and texture from all the little rice noodles.

Next was the main course, which one can choose from among several options. I went for the duck breast with chilis and crispy basil, although red vegetable curry and beef braised with coconut and lime were also tempting. But basil, there’s a thing we don’t see in Beijing too often. Here they were fried to near translucency, the leaves shimmering green with an almost satiny texture. Patara seems to excel at fried foods that don’t taste overwhelmingly greasy or heavy – the basil almost melts on your mouth. The duck was tender and rich, and the accompanying rice won me over with its mix of brown rice – I love the texture of the grains.

duck with basil and chili peppers

Dessert I could not figure out for a long time – what are these mysterious, oblong shapes, gelatinous on the outside and starchy on the inside? Delicious, but what an odd texture! A look at the menu revealed that it was called Red Rubies (tab tim grop), a traditional Thai dessert of water chestnuts, served with crushed ice and coconut milk. The red food coloring disguises the water chestnuts effectively, as does the little dusting of tapioca flour. We also had a second dessert of fried, caramelized bananas – mmm, second dessert.

With such amazing food, it’s a wonder that Patara’s elegant dining room is mostly empty. It’s expensive, but there are plenty of people shelling out for equally pricey but less delicious treats. Poor publicity and a terrible location seem to be the culprit here: Patara is in a lackluster, depressed Jinbao Jie mall, whose fleet of world-class brands include luminaries such as “Coming Soon” and “Under Construction.” Jinbao Place (金宝汇) clearly has its eye on the imaginary, affluent market, but its shops – the tenanted ones – suffer an identity crisis, mixing kitschy romantic statuary (memo: so obviously five years ago) with obscure domestic brands pretending at high-end status. My favorite  is the Car Cafe, with an actual Segway in the window and auto-themed decor that veers uncertainly between retro chrome and futuristic plastic. The barista revealed to us that this was, indeed, the brainchild of some businessman who clearly had too much money and no close friends to take him gently aside and tell him that it was all a very bad idea.

But back to Patara. The one upside is that it shares the mall with Da Dong, always sure to draw the crowds. Perhaps the hungry duck fiends will pause to look around, and notice this Thai gem on the top floor. At least the unfortunate locale gives Patara one definite advantage – a great view of the surrounding courtyard houses, extending north to Dongsi.

6/F, Jinbao Place (Jinbao Hui) [map]
88 Jinbao Jie, Dongcheng District
Tel: 10 8522 1678
泰廷,东城区金宝街金宝汇6层

Beijing’s Best Rice Cakes: Bai Ji Niangao 白记年糕

I will leap entire buildings for niangao (年糕). Well, no, perhaps not really, but I will go across town for Beijing’s absolute best glutinous rice cakes. Such is the power of the Bai Family’s Rice Cakes (Bai Ji Niangao 白记年糕) that the normally daunting distance from Dongcheng to Xuanwu District suddenly means nothing to me. Subway, taxis, bicycle, I’ve done it all, just for that magical alchemy of sticky rice and red bean paste. Thirty or four minutes later, there I am, placing an order at the counter, watching hungrily as my hunk of rice cake is sliced, weighed, and bagged. This is true love, I know.

Purple rice cake from Bai Ji Niangao (白记年糕 紫米切糕)

Purple rice cake from Bai Ji Niangao (白记年糕 紫米切糕)

Mr. Bai  is passionate about his raw ingredients – something unusual among Chinese chefs, who more often than not see their profession as just a job. He visits dozens of farmers to seek out the best variety of glutinous rice (from Tangshan 唐山, if you care to know),  and buys directly from them. “If the harvest is bad,” Mr. Bai says, “they might try to pass off rice from down south as their own, but I know them well and go there personally, so they’ll always save me their own crop.”

He then grinds the glutinous rice (nuomi 糯米 or jiangmi 江米) himself – “other people will mix in regular rice flour,” which is cheaper. And the red azuki beans (hongdou 红豆) are picked over by hand. “It’s very difficult to have a few kilos of beans without a grain of sand or two. But you won’t find any sand in my beans. Two, three workers are in charge of the beans, and they are all extremely careful.” The magic motivator, it turns out, is pure and simple self-interest. “First comes quality. If no one complains, then all my workers get annual bonuses. If one person complains, then the bonus will decrease.”

His red bean paste (hongdou sha 红豆沙 or douxian’r 豆馅) perfectly balances silky and chunky. The color is a lovely dark burgundy – anything paler would mean that it’s been adulterated, perhaps with cornstarch. The taste, too, is rich and beany, just sweet enough, unlike inferior red bean paste that makes up for dull flavor with colossal amounts of sugar.

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Hawthorn Berry Kumquat Jam 山楂酱


haw berry jam on ciabatta integrale
Haw berry jam on homemade sourdough bread

Haw berries (shanzha; 山楂), or hawthorn berries, are near and dear to the heart of every Beijinger. So delectably red, they ripen just in time for winter, adding the perfect dash of color to busy streets and gray, sunless skies. Come November, vendors everywhere start carrying tempting, bristling bushels of candied hawthorn berries.

I wasn’t allowed to eat them (bingtang hulu; 冰糖葫芦) as a child. So I never got to try the tart, luscious berries, glazed in melted sugar and speared on a stick, until I moved back to the city more than 17 years later. Then I made up for lost time, eating bingtang hulu and all its cousins – hawthorn berries stuffed with walnuts, haw berries cooked and mashed into a paste with sesame seeds, Japanese yam (shanyao; 山药), even strawberries – as fast as I could. They’re best if you can find someone who is making them fresh, when the melted sugar has hardened but the berries are still warm. For about RMB 2-3 a skewer, this is one of the simplest ways to brighten up a long winter day.

temple fair bingtang hulu

Candied hawthorn berries for sale at the Changdian temple fair

Fresh haw berries are generally sold from November through January, and sometimes even into February, at their cheapest about RMB 1.5 for a half kilo. During the rest of the year, hawthorn berries can be only found in somewhat less exciting forms. Most common are the little discs of haw flakes, dry wafers with just a little fruit flavor, and haw fruit rolls, which are kind of like fruit leather. I used to eat these religiously, but now the food safety police tells me that the haw fruit roll (guodanpi; 果丹皮) factories attain the snack’s gelatinous, sticky texture by using … old rubber shoes. Eww.

So it was up to me to preserve these bright, mouth-puckering gems, just the way I like them – no old shoes please. And what better than a thick haw berry jam, with a few kumquats for color and contrast?

After hours of soaking, de-seeding, slicing, and stirring, the haw berry-kumquat jam was the wealth of flavors it promised to be. Ruby red, sweet and tangy, it is shot through with the sunny notes of citrus and generous chunks of fruit. It goes beautifully well with bread, preferably some homemade ciabatta integrale (pictured above) that you’ve made yourself, or sourdough english muffins, or in a linzer tart.

Recipe

1kg of kilograms, less a handful of berries gone bad
10 kumquats
2/3 cup sugar

Cleaning: Unless your berries are organic (available sometimes at Lohao City shops), you’ll want to wash them carefully and soak them in several changes of water, preferably overnight, to remove pesticides.

De-seeding: Slice each berry along its “equator” so that its five seeds are exposed in a star pattern. Remove with a sharp, small paring knife, and remove also the stem and the black, thready “under-stem” on its bottom (what is that called?). Make sure to get all five seeds, as sometimes they can be hidden or especially tiny. Slice the ends off each kumquat, then slice thinly, removing seeds along the way. This can take quite a while; it’s a lot faster if there were a second pair of hands to help you in some kind of assembly line – one to de-seed, one to de-stem?

Cooking: Place berries in pot, add sugar, and cover with water. Bring to a boil, then simmer until the fruit breaks down, and the inner white flesh melts and turns ruby red. This will take about 30 minutes, and you’ll have to give it a good stir every now and then, more frequently as the water cooks away. Let it simmer a little longer to reach a thicker consistency, then spoon into clean jars.

Storing: I boil my jars and lids in boiling water for 10 minutes, but I don’t bother with proper sealing/canning procedures, as I plan to keep my jams in the fridge and finish them within a few months. Anyways, they won’t last that long.

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